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You are here: Home / Russian Grammar 109 – Instrumental Case

Russian Grammar 109 – Instrumental Case

The instrumental case is called so because it is used to describe the instrument by which an action is performed. 

Example:
есть суп ложкой – to eat soup with he spoon
резать ножом – to cut with a knife
ехать поездом – to go by train.


How to form instrumental case.

The instrumental case is formed from the nominative singular nouns with the help of the following endings:

– ом, – ем, ой, -ей, -ью( singular);
– ами, ями, (plural).
 
-by adding – ом to masculine nouns ending with a consonant (брат – братом) and neuter nouns ending in – o (окно – окном); 
-by adding -ем to masculine nouns ending in -й, -ь (чай – чаем, учитель – учителем) and neuter nouns ending in -е (море – морем, орудие – орудием)
-by adding -ей to feminine and masculine nouns ending in -я (тётя – тётей, дядя – дядей).
-by adding -ой to feminine and masculine nouns ending in -а (вод – водой, папа – папой).
-by adding -ью to feminine nouns ending in -ь (ночь – ночью). 

The usage of the Instrumental case.

Instrumental case questions: (с) кем?(with) who(m)? (с) чем? ( with) what? 

1. Job, occupation.

Example:

мой сын хочет стать инженером – My son wants to become an engineer.

2. Hobby, interest.

Example:

Александра занимается спортом, увлекается танцами и интересуется русской культурой – Alexandra is doing gymnastics, is keen on dancing and she is interested in Russian culture.

3. After the word: доволен (to be satisfied with, to be pleased with).

Example:

мама очень довольна сыном – The mother is pleased with her son
Я довольна результатом – I am satisfied with the result.

4. Instrument of an action.

Example:

резать апельсин ножом – To cut an orange with the knife.

5. The meanings and manners of an action.

Example:

мы едем на пикник автобусом – We are going to pic nic by bus.

6. Seasons: times of the day.

Example:
осенью, зимой, весной, летом – in autumn, in winter, in spring, in summer.
Утром, днем, вечером, ночью – in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at night.
 
Usage with some prepositions:
 
1. joint action.

Example:

вчера я ходила в кино с мужем – Yesterday I went to the cinema with my husband.

2. Congratulations.

Example:  

С Днем Рождения!  – Happy  Birthday!
с Новым Годом! – Happy New Year!
С Пасхой! – Happy Easter! 

3. after prepositions: над (above) ,под (under), перед (before, in front of) за (behind), между (between).
 
Example:
над дверью – above the door
под столом – under the table
за машиной – behind the car
между лекциями – between lectures.

EXERCISE: 109 Instrumental case | NEXT: 110 Prepositional case

Free Russian beginners’ course

Grammar
101 Personal Pronouns
102 Gender
103 Plural
104 Cases
105 Nominative Case
106 Accusative Case
107 Genitive Case
108 Dative Case
109 Instrumental Case
110 Prepositional Case
   
Exercises
101 Personal Pronouns
102 Gender
103 Plural
104 Cases
105 Nominative Case
106 Accusative Case
107 Genitive Case
108 Dative Case
109 Instrumental Case
110 Prepositional Case
Vocabulary
101 Numbers
102 Family
103 Greetings
104 Food and Drinks
105 Time of the Day
106 House
107 City
108 Questions
109 Home Content
110 Jobs
Listening practice
101 Personal Pronouns
102 Gender of nouns
103 Plural
104 Cases
105 Nominative Case
106 Accusative Case
107 Genitive Case
108 Dative Case
109 Instrumental Case
110 Prepositional Case
Dialogues
101 At the Doctor
102 At the Restaurant
103 Hotel
104 Shopping
105 Looking for a Place
106 Taxi
107 At the Cafè
108 Telephone
109 Tourism Office
110 Train Station

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