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You are here: Home / Russian Grammar 110 – Prepositional Case

Russian Grammar 110 – Prepositional Case

Prepositional Case

The Prepositional case is so called because it is always used after prepositions and answers the questions: about who?, About what?, Where? 
The four prepositions that call this case are о/об/обо (about), при (on) в (in), and на (on). 


Usage of prepositional case:

to indicate the location of something or someone we use prepositions -в (in) or -на (on).

Example:

Шарф в сумке – the scarf is in the bag
телефон на столе – the telephone is on the table
он пошел в школу – he went to school
она живет в Москве – she lives in Moscow.
 
To indicate a person or an object being talked or thought about and used after prepositions -о (about).
Example:

она думала о маме – she was thinking about her mom
мы говорили о погоде – we were talking about the weather.
 
To indicate time, it is used with name of the months.

Example:  
она вышла замуж в апреле – she’s got married in April.

How to form prepositional case.

Masculine nouns:

1. Nouns ending with a consonant add the ending -e.

Example:
стол – на столе, парк – в парке.

A few masculine (mainly one-syllable) nouns have special stressed endings -у/я after prepositions -в ‘in’ and -на ‘on’. 

Example:
сад – в саду, лес – в лесу.
 
2. Nouns ending in – ь and – й, except nouns ending in -ий change their final letters to -е.
 
Example:

музей о музее – about the museum
писатель о писателе – about the writer.

3. Nouns ending in – ий change their final letter to – и.

Example: улий – об улии / about the beehive. 

Feminine nouns: 

1. Nouns ending in – а change their ending to – е. 

Example:
лампа о лампе – about the lamp.

2. Nouns ending in – я, except nouns ending in – ия, change – я and – ь to – е.
 
Example:
земля о земле – about the ground
неделя о неделе – about the week.

3. Nouns ending in – ия, change – я, to – и.

Example:

станция – станции – station.

4. Nouns ending in -ь change to -и. 

Example:

ночь ночи – night
печь печи – oven. 

Neuter nouns:

1. Nouns ending in – ие, change the final  – е to -и.

Example:
здание здании – building 

2. Nouns ending in – о change their ending to -е.

Example:
окно окне – window

3. Nouns ending in -е except nouns ending in – ие, have the ending -е.

Example:

поле поле – field. 

4. Nouns ending in -мя change  -я to – ени. 

Example:
время времени – time.

Plural form: 

Masculine nouns
 
1. Nouns ending in a consonant add the ending -ах.

Example:
диван / диванах – sofa / sofas
 
2. Nouns ending in – ь and  – й change their final letters to – ях.

Example:
край / краях – the edge / edges.  

Feminine nouns 

1. Nouns ending in – а change their ending to – ах.

Example:

ложка / ложках – spoon / spoons
Куртка / куртках – jacket / jackets

2. Nouns ending in -я and in – ь change -я and – ь to -ях.

Example:

станция / станциях – station / stations 
Дверь / дверях – door / doors 

Neuter nouns.

1. Nouns ending in -о change their ending to – ах.

Example:
окно / окнах – window / windows
Очко / очках – point / points.
 
2. Nouns ending in -e change their ending to -ях.

Example:

Море / морях – sea / seas.

3. Nouns ending in  -мя change – я to -енах.

Example:
время / временах – time / times.

EXERCISE: 110 Prepositional case

Free Russian beginners’ course

Grammar
101 Personal Pronouns
102 Gender
103 Plural
104 Cases
105 Nominative Case
106 Accusative Case
107 Genitive Case
108 Dative Case
109 Instrumental Case
110 Prepositional Case
   
Exercises
101 Personal Pronouns
102 Gender
103 Plural
104 Cases
105 Nominative Case
106 Accusative Case
107 Genitive Case
108 Dative Case
109 Instrumental Case
110 Prepositional Case
Vocabulary
101 Numbers
102 Family
103 Greetings
104 Food and Drinks
105 Time of the Day
106 House
107 City
108 Questions
109 Home Content
110 Jobs
Listening practice
101 Personal Pronouns
102 Gender of nouns
103 Plural
104 Cases
105 Nominative Case
106 Accusative Case
107 Genitive Case
108 Dative Case
109 Instrumental Case
110 Prepositional Case
Dialogues
101 At the Doctor
102 At the Restaurant
103 Hotel
104 Shopping
105 Looking for a Place
106 Taxi
107 At the Cafè
108 Telephone
109 Tourism Office
110 Train Station

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